Which type of family government is defined by the mother ruling the family?

The term that defines a family structure where the mother holds the primary authority is "Matriarchal." In a matriarchal family government, the mother or the female figure is at the center of decision-making, leadership, and the overall direction of the family dynamics. This contrasts with other family systems where authority may lie primarily with males or be shared equally.

For example, in a matriarchal setting, traditions, and family legacies are often passed down through the female line, and the mother may have a dominant role in influencing family values and norms. This structure challenges the more common patriarchal model—where the male figure is dominant—and presents a different approach to family governance.

Egalitarian structures, while focused on equal distribution of power, do not designate a specific ruling figure, which is why they differ from a matriarchal system. Similarly, nuclear refers to a family unit composed typically of two parents and their children, without implying any specific power dynamics related to parental roles.