Which term refers to a birth defect of the extremities?

Phocomelia is the term that refers specifically to a birth defect characterized by the malformation of the extremities. This condition results in the abnormal formation or absence of the limbs, which can include very short or underdeveloped arms and legs. Phocomelia is associated with various prenatal factors, including exposure to certain medications during pregnancy, such as thalidomide.

The other terms listed refer to different medical conditions:

• Hemangioma relates to a benign tumor formed by a mass of blood vessels, often seen on the skin.

• Meningocele is a type of spina bifida involving a protrusion of the meninges, the protective covering of the spinal cord, through a defect in the vertebrae.

• Myelomeningocele is a more severe form of spina bifida where spinal cord tissue and nerves are also exposed through a defect in the vertebrae.

Understanding these distinctions is crucial for recognizing the specific medical implications and treatment approaches associated with each condition.