Which essential components are found in all cells?

The essential components found in all cells include a plasma membrane, cytosol, chromosomes, and ribosomes.

The plasma membrane is crucial as it serves as a barrier that regulates the entry and exit of substances, maintaining the internal environment of the cell. Cytosol is the liquid component of the cytoplasm, where various biochemical processes occur and facilitates the movement of materials around the cell. Chromosomes contain the genetic material, DNA, which is essential for inheritance and cellular function. Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis, making them vital for cell function and growth.

Other options include structures that may not be present in all cell types. For instance, the nucleus is found in eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cells, and cell walls are specifically characteristic of plant cells and some microorganisms. Lysosomes and mitochondria are also not universal to all cell types, as some organisms, particularly prokaryotes, lack these organelles altogether. Therefore, the components identified in the correct choice represent the fundamental building blocks common to all cellular types.