What type of bacteria derive their nutrition from dead organic matter?

Saprophytic bacteria are specifically known for their role in breaking down dead organic matter. These organisms are essential decomposers in ecosystems, as they feed on dead plants and animals, facilitating the recycling of nutrients back into the soil. This process is vital for soil health and fertility, allowing new plants to grow by providing them with necessary nutrients.

In contrast to saprophytic bacteria, aerobic bacteria require oxygen for their survival and energy production, while pathogenic bacteria can cause diseases in living organisms. Necrotrophic bacteria also play a role in decomposition but are specifically associated with obtaining nutrients from dead or decaying plant tissues, often in a way that is harmful to those living tissues. Thus, saprophytic bacteria are the most accurate choice when identifying bacteria that derive their nutrition specifically from dead organic matter.