What term is used to describe a vaccination that introduces a pathogen to stimulate antibody production?

The term that describes a vaccination which introduces a pathogen to stimulate antibody production is "active." In immunology, an active vaccination involves the administration of a weakened or inactivated form of a pathogen, or its components, to the body. This introduction prompts the immune system to respond by producing antibodies specifically against that pathogen. This process not only equips the body to fight off future infections by the same pathogen but also leads to the development of immunological memory, which can provide long-term protection.

In contrast, passive immunity refers to the transfer of antibodies from one individual to another, without the host's immune response being actively stimulated. It provides immediate but temporary protection. The terms 'artificial' and 'natural' describe the sources of immunity rather than the type of response generated. Artificial immunity is obtained through deliberate exposure to antigens (such as vaccines), while natural immunity occurs through natural infection. However, in the context of the question regarding the stimulation of antibody production through vaccination, "active" is the most accurate term.