What term describes a decedent's expression of intent prior to death?

The term that best describes a decedent's expression of intent prior to death is "final directive." This term encompasses any instructions or wishes expressed by an individual regarding their preferences for end-of-life care, distribution of their assets, or other arrangements after their passing.

Final directives can include various documents, such as a last will or a living will, which articulate the individual's desires regarding their estate and health care decisions. Such documents serve a critical role in ensuring that a person's wishes are honored and that there is clarity among surviving family members and legal representatives about the individual's intents.

While the other terms may have relevance in specific contexts—such as a health care proxy, which specifically designates someone to make medical decisions on behalf of an individual—the more general term "final directive" effectively captures the broader intent of documenting and communicating one's wishes prior to death.