What often results from long-term uncontrolled diabetes mellitus?

Long-term uncontrolled diabetes mellitus can lead to a range of serious health complications, and one of the most significant is atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is characterized by the buildup of plaque in the arteries, which can narrow the blood vessels and restrict blood flow. Elevated blood sugar levels associated with uncontrolled diabetes can damage the inner lining of blood vessels, making them more susceptible to plaque accumulation. Over time, this condition increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, including heart attacks and strokes.

Individuals with diabetes may also experience other complications, such as hypertension and peripheral vascular disease, but atherosclerosis is particularly linked to the degenerative effects of prolonged high blood sugar on vascular health. This connection underscores the importance of managing blood glucose levels effectively to minimize the risk of such cardiovascular complications.