What is the term for one who contracts to perform jobs and is controlled only by the contract?

The correct term for one who contracts to perform jobs while being primarily governed by the terms of their contract is an independent contractor. Independent contractors typically operate their own businesses and are not under the direct control of an employer regarding how they complete their tasks, as long as they adhere to the agreement outlined in their contract. This arrangement allows for a certain level of autonomy, where the contractor has the flexibility to determine how to accomplish the work they are hired for, without being subject to the daily oversight typical of an employee relationship.

In contrast, the other choices imply different relationships or roles. An employee works under an employer with a direct relationship that includes not only the ability to direct their tasks but also obligations such as benefits and taxes withheld. A consultant is often a professional who provides expert advice but may not fit the descriptive nuance around contract governance as accurately as an independent contractor does. Lastly, a freelancer, while similar to an independent contractor in some aspects, often refers to someone who might take on various short-term jobs without a long-term contractual commitment, unlike the defined nature of an independent contractor's work. Thus, independent contractor is the most precise term for someone who operates under the specific terms of a contract while maintaining control over their work execution.