What is the primary risk factor of atherosclerosis?

The primary risk factor of atherosclerosis is high blood pressure. Atherosclerosis is a condition characterized by the buildup of plaques in the arterial walls, leading to narrowed arteries and restricted blood flow. High blood pressure, or hypertension, contributes to this process by causing damage to the inner lining of blood vessels. Over time, this damage can promote inflammation and the accumulation of fatty deposits and other substances, which form plaques in arteries.

When blood pressure is elevated, the stress on arteries increases, making them more prone to injury and facilitating the development of atherosclerosis. Additionally, high blood pressure can be associated with other risk factors such as high cholesterol levels, smoking, and diabetes, all of which further exacerbate the incidence of atherosclerosis. Managing blood pressure is crucial in preventing or mitigating the progression of this cardiovascular disease.

In contrast, low cholesterol does not contribute to atherosclerosis; rather, elevated levels of certain types of cholesterol (specifically low-density lipoprotein or LDL) are associated with an increased risk. Vitamin D deficiency and dehydration are not recognized as primary risk factors for atherosclerosis, while their implications on general health are acknowledged, they do not have the direct link to the development of atherosclerosis as high blood pressure does