What is the portal of exit for salmonella?

The portal of exit for salmonella is feces. This is because salmonella is primarily a gastrointestinal pathogen that often resides in the intestines of infected individuals and animals. When these infected organisms excrete waste, the bacteria are expelled in the feces, which can contaminate food, water, and surfaces, leading to further transmission of the disease.

Infections with salmonella typically occur through the ingestion of contaminated food or water, but understanding the portal of exit is critical for controlling the spread of this bacterium. By focusing on feces as the primary means through which salmonella exits the body, it is easier to implement hygiene and sanitation measures that can interrupt the cycle of transmission, such as ensuring proper food handling and sanitation practices in environments where food is prepared or served.

The other options describe different potential portals of exit for various pathogens but are not applicable to salmonella specifically. For instance, while urine can carry pathogens in some cases, it is not associated with salmonella, and the same applies to saliva and vomitus, which may harbor pathogens for other illnesses.