What is the medical term for painful urination?

The medical term for painful urination is dysuria. This term specifically refers to discomfort, pain, or a burning sensation that occurs during urination, indicating a possible underlying issue such as a urinary tract infection, irritation, or inflammation.

To clarify the other terms: oliguria refers to a condition where urine output is abnormally low; hematuria signifies the presence of blood in the urine; and polyuria is characterized by excessive urination. These conditions can relate to various issues but do not specifically denote the sensation of pain during urination, which is the defining feature of dysuria. Thus, the focus on pain directly associates it with dysuria, making it the accurate term for this symptom.