What is the main impact of inflammation of the peritoneum?

The main impact of inflammation of the peritoneum, known medically as peritonitis, primarily manifests as pain and tenderness in the abdomen. This intense pain arises due to the irritation caused by the inflamed peritoneum, a membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering the abdominal organs. The inflammation can lead to increased sensitivity in the area, causing patients to experience significant discomfort.

Pain is often accompanied by tenderness, which means that the abdomen may feel sensitive when touched. Upon physical examination, a healthcare provider may note that the patient exhibits guarding or rigidity, where they consciously or reflexively tense the abdominal muscles in response to the pain.

While other options like fluid retention, digestive issues, and headaches might occur as secondary effects or in association with various abdominal conditions, the hallmark signs of peritonitis specifically highlight pain and tenderness as the most direct results of inflammation in that area. Understanding these primary symptoms is crucial for prompt diagnosis and treatment, which are essential in managing this potentially severe condition.