What is the main function of a pilus in bacterial cells?

The main function of a pilus in bacterial cells is indeed related to attachment for genetic exchange. Pili, which are hair-like structures on the surface of bacteria, play a crucial role in processes such as conjugation, where genetic material is transferred from one bacterium to another. This process enhances genetic diversity and can increase bacterial adaptability and evolution.

During conjugation, one bacterium forms a mating bridge through its pilus to connect to another bacterium, allowing for the transfer of plasmids or other genetic material. This mechanism is vital for horizontal gene transfer, which can lead to the acquisition of new traits, such as antibiotic resistance.

While other structures in bacterial cells may facilitate movement, provide protection, or assist in energy production, the specific role of the pilus is predominantly associated with facilitating attachment and the exchange of genetic material. Thus, the connection to genetic exchange clearly highlights its importance in microbial genetics and evolution.