What is defined as the destruction of all microorganisms?

The term that refers to the complete destruction of all microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and spores, is sterilization. This process is crucial in various fields, particularly in healthcare and mortuary science, where a high level of cleanliness is required to prevent infection and ensure safety. Sterilization can be achieved through several methods, including heat (steam or dry heat), chemicals, or radiation.

In contrast, disinfection refers to the reduction of pathogens to a level that is not harmful, but it does not necessarily kill all microorganisms. Sanitization involves lowering the number of microorganisms to a safe level according to public health standards, while decontamination refers to the process of removing or neutralizing contaminants. Thus, sterilization is distinguished by its ability to eliminate all forms of microbial life, setting it apart from these other processes.