What is a relative reference in Excel?

A relative reference in Excel is defined as a reference that is automatically updated when the formula is copied to another cell. When you use a relative reference, Excel calculates the cell address based on the position of the cell where the formula is being copied. For example, if you have a formula in cell B1 that references cell A1, and you copy the formula to cell B2, the reference will change to A2. This feature allows for dynamic calculations across rows and columns, making it easier to apply formulas to multiple data points efficiently.

The other concepts relate to different types of cell references. A constant reference does not change when you move or copy the formula, while a fixed reference refers to a specific cell that remains unchanged regardless of where the formula is placed. The characteristic of not updating when copied is not applicable here, as relative references are specifically designed to adjust as needed.