What do we call birth defects that result in physical malformations?

The term "birth defects that result in physical malformations" can appropriately be described using both "malformations" and "abnormalities." Malformations specifically refer to structural defects in an organ or body part that are present at birth, whereas abnormalities can encompass a broader range of irregularities, including functional and developmental issues. Therefore, both terms are valid in the context of discussing birth defects.

Choosing both terms recognizes the complexity and variety of birth defects. "Malformations" denotes a specific category related to structural issues, while "abnormalities" includes a wider scope of potential disorders and irregularities that might not be solely structural but can also refer to functional or chromosomal issues. Thus, the correct response effectively captures the dual nature of the terminology used to describe birth defects, making the answer both comprehensive and accurate.