What do moles and freckles primarily signify in dermatology?

Moles and freckles are primarily associated with melanosis, which refers to the increased deposition of melanin in the skin. This condition manifests as areas of pigmentation and is often benign. Moles, also known as nevi, are clusters of melanocytes that can appear in various forms and colors, while freckles (ephelides) are small, flat spots that often darken with sun exposure due to the increased activity of melanocytes. Both conditions indicate some level of melanin accumulation, typically associated with genetic predisposition and sun exposure, rather than any other dermatological processes such as depigmentation or inflammation. Understanding melanosis helps in diagnosing and managing skin conditions that involve pigmentation variations.