What condition involves thickening of the vessel wall with plaque buildup that may calcify?

Atherosclerosis is a condition that specifically involves the thickening of the vessel wall due to the accumulation of plaque, which can include fats, cholesterol, and other substances. Over time, this plaque can become calcified, contributing to the hardening of the arteries. This process can lead to significant cardiovascular problems, as the constricted arteries restrict blood flow and can eventually result in heart attacks or strokes.

While arteriosclerosis is a broader term that refers to the thickening and hardening of arterial walls, it encompasses various types of arterial changes, including atherosclerosis. Therefore, it does not specify the presence of plaque buildup, which is a defining feature of atherosclerosis.

Raynaud's disease is characterized by spasms in the blood vessels of the fingers and toes, leading to reduced blood flow, but it does not involve thickening of the vessel walls or plaque buildup. Varicose veins are related to venous insufficiency and involve the improper functioning of veins, causing them to become enlarged and twisted but do not involve arterial thickening or plaque formation.

Overall, the distinguishing characteristic of atherosclerosis is the specific plaque buildup, which is not applicable to any of the other conditions listed.