What condition involves the protrusion of the meninges?

The condition that involves the protrusion of the meninges is referred to as meningocele. This condition specifically occurs when the protective membranes (meninges) surrounding the brain and spinal cord bulge out through an opening in the vertebral column. In cases of meningocele, the spinal cord itself remains in its normal position, while the meninges herniate due to a defect in the spine.

This protrusion can lead to complications depending on the size of the bulge and its location. Surgical intervention is often required to correct the defect and protect the meninges.

The other conditions mentioned, such as myelomeningocele, involve both the meninges and the spinal cord protruding, thus representing a more severe form compared to meningocele. Hypoplasia refers to underdevelopment or incomplete development of a tissue or organ, and phocomelia describes a congenital condition characterized by very short or absent limbs. These distinctions are crucial in understanding the specific nature of various medical conditions related to spinal or limb development.