What are the 4 cardinal virtues?

The four cardinal virtues, recognized since ancient philosophy and particularly in the works of Plato and Aristotle, are prudence, justice, fortitude, and temperance.

Prudence is the ability to judge correctly and make wise decisions in various circumstances. It involves foresight and good judgment, allowing individuals to navigate complex situations thoughtfully.

Justice pertains to fairness and gives each individual their due, ensuring that rights are respected and upheld in social interactions. It emphasizes ethical behavior in dealings with others.

Fortitude, often referred to as courage, is the virtue of facing fear and adversity with bravery. It enables one to stand firm in difficult situations and to persevere in the face of challenges.

Temperance is the practice of self-control and moderation, especially concerning desires and appetites. It encourages balance and harmony in life, avoiding extremes.

These virtues work together to promote moral integrity and ethical behavior, forming a foundational framework for virtuous conduct in both personal and societal contexts.