Bruises and jaundice are examples of what type of pigmentation?

Bruises and jaundice are classified as biliary pigmentation-endogenous. This type of pigmentation occurs due to internal bodily processes. In the case of jaundice, it results from an accumulation of bilirubin in the bloodstream, often due to liver dysfunction or obstruction of bile flow. The yellowish tint is a clear indicator of this internal condition.

Bruises, on the other hand, involve bleeding underneath the skin's surface, which leads to discoloration as red blood cells break down and release pigments like bilirubin and hemosiderin. This process also represents an endogenous reaction, as it involves the body’s physiological response to injury rather than an external source.

Understanding these processes is essential for identifying and differentiating various types of pigmentation in pathological conditions. Melanosis, for instance, refers to an increase in melanin, often seen in specific conditions or overexposure to sunlight. Pustules are raised, pus-filled lesions, and ulcers are open sores on the skin or mucous membranes; neither relates to bruising or jaundice.