A chemical that reduces the molecular cohesion of a liquid so it can flow through smaller apertures is known as?

The term that accurately describes a chemical that reduces the molecular cohesion of a liquid to enable it to flow through smaller apertures is a surfactant. Surfactants work by decreasing the surface tension of the liquid, which allows it to spread more easily and flow into tiny spaces. This property is particularly useful in various applications, including cleaning products, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetic formulations, where the ability to penetrate and interact with substances at a molecular level is essential.

Emulsifiers, while similar in that they help mix two immiscible liquids (like oil and water), function primarily by stabilizing emulsions rather than specifically reducing molecular cohesion for better fluid flow through small openings. Coagulants typically promote clumping or aggregation of particles, making them more effective in processes like water treatment, whereas thickening agents increase viscosity and resist flow, which is the opposite of what is described in the question. Thus, the unique capability of surfactants to modify surface tension and enhance fluidity through smaller apertures makes them the correct choice.